The effects of the wind-induced surface dritt on the larval transport of the Japanese sand eel Ammodytes personatus in the eastern part of the Seto Inland Sea are here discussed on the basis of the results of a drift-card experiment and an analysis of the historical-data on the distribution of the larval fish. The wind-induced changes on the recovery distribution of the drift-cards released from Shikano-se, one of the main spawning grounds located in the Sea of Harima, suggest that the prevailing wind, particularly its westerly component, affects the drift pattern of the sand eel larvae originating from this spawning ground. The strong westerly wind after the hatching of the larvae also contributed to the eastward transport of the larvae from the spawning ground in the Bisan-Seto to the Sea of Harima. The positive correlation between the strength of the westerly wind and the catch ratio of the O-age sand eels in the Sea of Harima suggests that the wind-induced eastward transport of the larval sand eels originating from the Bisan-Seto has a great influence on the subsequent abundance of the O-age fish in the Sea of Harima.