In this paper, aiming at the advancement of speech research for Mongolian language, we discuss design and collection of Mongolian speech database. Mongolian, one of the most spoken oriental languages, has several dialectal variations in its phonetic and graphic systems because of the historical and the geographical background. This causes a significant obstacle to develop their culture and education. Furthermore, unlike the other major languages, the basis of linguistic and phonetic research has not been investigated well yet. In this study, therefore, we first analyze fundamental characteristics of Mongolian spoken language in order to define phoneme labels. Next, we design the Mongolian speech database by collecting actual native speech. Lastly, we apply the database to a simple word recognition experiment.