In order to improve the adhesion strength of the DLC coating, Fine Particle Peening (FPP) treatment was employed as pretreatment for DLC coatings. FPP treatment was performed using SiC shot particles, and then the AISI316L steel was DLC-coated. The FPP treatment increased the surface roughness of the specimen, and a Si-rich layer was formed on the surface because of the mechanical mixing of SiC shot particles into the steel substrate. Reciprocating sliding wear tests were conducted to measure the friction coefficient. While the non-pretreated (only DLC-coated) specimens showed a sudden increase in friction coefficient resulting from delamination of the DLC coating, the pre-FPP-treated specimens maintained a low friction coefficient during the wear tests. This indicates the strong adhesion of the DLC coating of the pre-FPP-treated specimen caused by the increase in surface roughness and the presence of Si on the surface.