It is important to understand the change of population and land use by transportation facility. However, the mechanism of residential location behavior is so complex and variable. So, the purpose of this study is to examine the effect of transportation facility improvement on residential location behavior, by analyzing with actual data such as the records of land price and transportation condition in Utsunomiya City. And it is analyzed in terms of an contribution of commuting cost and housing cost. As a result, it can be confirmed that the residential location in the place where the location utility is high can attract more population than other places because of residential location maximizing behavior.